刀马旦
New archives on notorious Unit 731 reveal Japanese military’s cover-up of biological warfare_我的网站
A | 1月11日消息近日，中山大学发布的《移动政府报告（2018）——重建与智慧》显示，全国共有442个城市（包括县级市和县级直属省）向政府服务支付宝平台上，围绕数字城市建设的速度意义重大。据统计，广州市在支付宝上的政府服务126家，排名第一。
Newly released wartime records from the Hailar branch of Japan's notorious Unit 731 reveal how the Japanese military disguised biological warfare personnel as conventional infantry troops to conceal secret operations, including human experimentation.
The Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army released on Wednesday a 185-page archive of "personal background declaration" from the Hailar branch of Unit 731, also known as "Manchuria Unit 543". The documents show that the Japanese military concealed its biological warfare operations under the guise of conventional infantry units and shed new light on the Soviet Union's continued efforts after World War II to investigate and prosecute Japanese biological warfare crimes.
Unit 731 was a top-secret biological and chemical warfare research base established as the nerve center for Japanese biological warfare in China and Southeast Asia during WWII. At least 3,000 people were used in human experiments conducted by Unit 731, and more than 300,000 people in China were killed by Japan's biological weapons, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
The Japanese Kwantung Army established five branches of Unit 731 in Northeast China - in Hailar, Sunwu, Mudanjiang, Linkou and Dalian. Located in the northeastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, near China's borders with Mongolia and the Soviet Union, the Hailar branch served as a frontline base of the Japanese imperialist army for potential biological warfare operations against the Soviet Union.
The newly released 185-page archive contains key information on 156 members of the Hailar branch of Unit 731, including their names, military ranks, dates of enlistment, duties, transfers and postwar whereabouts. Researchers said the documents constitute first-hand official records for studying the branch's personnel structure and operations.
Jin Shicheng, a researcher at the Exhibition Hall, said the study produced two major findings. First, the documents reveal that the Japanese military recruited personnel under the cover of ordinary infantry units to conceal biological warfare activities. Some personnel, for example, were recruited under the names of conventional units such as Manchuria Unit 97, Unit 177 and Unit 201. They were then sent to Unit 731 headquarters for three months of training before being assigned to the Hailar branch. The deceptive recruitment system was intended to conceal the crimes committed by Unit 731, including human experimentation.
Moreover, the archive provides evidence of continued postwar investigations into Japanese biological warfare crimes. Of the 156 personnel listed in the documents, 145 were captured by Soviet forces after the war and detained in the Soviet Union. Four were tried in Khabarovsk between April and September 1950. The researcher said the records show that Soviet investigations and judicial efforts concerning Japanese biological warfare crimes continued after the trial held in 1949.
A photo published by Xinhua showed a record on medic Tanizaki Hitoshi in the "personal background declaration" records of Unit 731's Hailar branch. Tanizaki, originally named Ozaki Hitoshi, is documented in historical records that, together with his oral testimony, form a chain of evidence further substantiating the crimes committed by Unit 731.
Experts said the new revelation of the Hailar branch deepens research into Unit 731 and, together with previously obtained oral testimony from former members, form a broader chain of evidence. The official records exposed the efforts by the Japanese military to disguise their crimes against humanity and provided further evidence of the state-organized system behind Japan's biological warfare program, while adding important material to research on Unit 731 and postwar prosecutions.
Global Times
。此外，深圳、武汉、杭州、上海等城市以支付宝方式提供的政府服务超过100项。据统计，在过去的一年里，在政府支付宝服务数量最多的20个城市中，有9个来自西部省份，3个来自中部省份。在人口利用方面，中西部地区的城市占前30名中小城市的近一半。值得注意的是，“互联网政务服务”的发展呈现出良好的包容性。报告显示，与2017年相比，“初中教育”和“低学历”人群在支付宝和其他“第三方平台”中的比例增加了81.26%。在刷脸、养恤金的情况下，这个功能非常受老年人欢迎，因为他们不需要记住复杂的密码，也不需要去大厅证明自己。”据报道，在过去的一年里，支付宝平台已经为5亿人提供了政府服务。
B | 我国移动数字政府的发展经历了四个阶段。
C | 第一阶段是爆发的探索阶段。自2008年支付宝首次在上海开展公共服务支付业务以来，全国各地都有零星的生活支付、移民办理等业务。
D | 第二阶段是省级网络。自2015年“互联网”正式提出以来，“一次创业”改革从浙江走向全国。
E | 目前，江苏、福建、安徽、四川、浙江、江西、广州、武汉、海口等9个省市。第三阶段是向区域市场转移。从2018开始，长江三角洲、广东、香港和澳门正逐步走向更深的区域交流。
F | 在下一个第四阶段，区域通信将进一步升级为国家通信，更好地支持数字中国的建设和发展。支付宝的实名认证、刷面、小程序、区块链等是实现“互联网服务”和促进“互联网政府服务”快速发展的重要支撑。以“刷脸”为例，解决了大量取证材料的准备和亲自到大厅处理的问题，使“最多一次运行”成为可能。据统计，目前全国有170多个城市可以刷牙。
G | 只有为节省办公室开支而刷牙，才能造福全国许多人。从事在线业务的人数比去年增加了50倍。
H |
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